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How rail grinding technology is transforming infrastructure life cycle management

Urban tram networks depend on resilient infrastructure to deliver safe and reliable service every day. In Manchester, an innovative rail grinding technology is redefining how operators extend rail life while controlling costs and disruption.

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    Posted

    MAR. 1, 2026

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    Context: Rethinking long-term tram track maintenance

    Maintaining tram infrastructure is a core responsibility for operators committed to delivering safe, reliable and sustainable urban mobility. As rails age, wear caused by wheel interaction, curvature forces and embedded track environments gradually reduces performance and safety margins. Traditional approaches often rely on full rail replacement once wear thresholds are reached, a solution that is effective but expensive and disruptive for both passengers and surrounding communities.

    On the Manchester Metrolink network in the UK, routine inspections identified that approximately 8,000 metres of embedded tram track were projected to reach their safety limits by the middle of the decade. Under conventional maintenance planning, this would have required large-scale renewals within a short timeframe. The financial impact and operational complexity of such work raised concerns for the transport authority, particularly given the need to maintain service continuity across a busy light rail system.

    Rather than accepting full replacement as the only option, KeolisAmey Metrolink explored whether track renewals could be approached differently. The objective was to extend the infrastructure life cycle while maintaining safety and performance. This shift in perspective created the foundation for a targeted intervention that would ultimately redefine how embedded rail assets could be managed more sustainably.

    As rails age, curvature forces and embedded track environments gradually reduces performance and safety margins.
    As rails age, curvature forces and embedded track environments gradually reduces performance and safety margins.
    The innovation focused on groove grinding, a method that removes material from within the rail groove to restore usable depth and delay structural wear.

    Innovation: Applying rail-grinding technology in a new way

    The solution emerged from an innovative mindset focused on adapting rail grinding technology to the specific challenges of grooved tram rails. While grinding is widely used on heavy rail networks to manage corrugation and surface defects, its application within the groove of an embedded tram track required a more precise and controlled approach. The innovation focused on groove grinding, a method that removes material from within the rail groove to restore usable depth and delay structural wear.

    Before implementation, extensive technical assessment was essential. KeolisAmey Metrolink collaborated with academic experts to analyse wheel-rail interaction and determine safe grinding limits that would not compromise rail integrity. This work established clear parameters, including maximum allowable grinding depth, minimum curve radius and suitability for specific rail profiles. These findings ensured that safety remained central to the innovation.

    To deliver the solution, a standard grinding machine was modified to operate within the constraints of embedded tram infrastructure. Work was planned exclusively during overnight engineering hours to avoid passenger disruption. Noise mitigation measures, stakeholder engagement and rigorous safety verification were integrated into the project from the outset, ensuring a controlled and repeatable application of rail-grinding technology.

    Benefits: Extending infrastructure life cycle and reducing disruption

    The outcomes of the project clearly demonstrated the value of a proactive and innovative tram track grindingstrategy. By applying groove grinding across 8,000 metres of embedded rail, the operational life of the infrastructure was extended by an estimated eight years. This directly deferred the need for full replacement and significantly eased pressure on future renewal planning.

    From a financial perspective, the benefits were substantial. Extending the infrastructure life cycle offset an estimated £24 million in replacement costs. These savings included not only materials and construction but also avoided expenses linked to prolonged service disruption, temporary bus replacements and complex traffic management. The project illustrated how targeted use of rail grinding technology can deliver strong economic outcomes.

    Equally important was the impact on passengers and local communities. All work was completed during weekday nights over a defined period, with no interruption to tram services. This approach reinforced trust in the network by demonstrating that essential tram track maintenance could be delivered while preserving customer experience and urban accessibility.

    Extending the infrastructure life cycle offset an estimated £24 million in replacement costs.
    Extending the infrastructure life cycle offset an estimated £24 million in replacement costs.
    The project illustrates how targeted use of rail grinding technology can deliver strong economic outcomes.

    Next steps: Scaling tram track grinding innovation across the network

    Building on the success in Manchester, the next phase reflects Keolis’s commitment to continuous improvement and the scaling of proven innovations. Post-delivery analysis has already identified opportunities to increase efficiency, reducing the number of shifts required to treat equivalent lengths of track. These improvements further strengthen the case for integrating groove grinding into routine maintenance strategies.

    Attention is also turning to how this method can be applied across other sections of the network and, potentially, other cities. Ongoing assessments are exploring compatibility with additional rail profiles and operating environments, ensuring that future applications remain evidence-based and aligned with safety requirements.

    More broadly, this initiative highlights how tram track maintenance can evolve as part of a long-term infrastructure life cycle strategy. By combining engineering expertise, rail-grinding technology and data-driven decision-making, operators can move from reactive renewal programmes to proactive asset management models that support reliable, cost-effective and sustainable urban mobility.

    This initiative highlights how tram track maintenance can evolve as part of a long-term infrastructure life cycle strategy.
    This initiative highlights how tram track maintenance can evolve as part of a long-term infrastructure life cycle strategy.

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